Cat flu: symptoms, causes, and prevention

Cat flu is a common and contagious condition in cats. Especially in a shelter environment, stray cats are often brought in with these “cold-like symptoms.” Cat flu requires immediate care and isolation in a so-called ‘flu room’ to prevent it from spreading.

Causes of cat flu

The most common causes are viruses:

• Feline herpesvirus (FHV-1)

• Feline calicivirus (FCV)

Fortunately, cats are vaccinated against these viruses as standard. Additional bacteria such as Chlamydophila spp. and Bordetella bronchiseptica can make the symptoms worse.

Symptoms of cat flu

Symptoms vary per cat and depend on age and health:

• Sneezing, sometimes with green mucus

• Eye discharge, red or inflamed eyes

• Coughing

• Lethargy

• Reduced appetite or anorexia

• Fever

• Drooling due to ulcers on the tongue (with calicivirus)

• Shortness of breath and painful joints

In kittens, cat flu can be serious and lead to dehydration or pneumonia. Adult cats may have milder symptoms or be carriers without showing clear signs.

Chronic sneezing and eye problems

Some cats recover slowly and develop chronic symptoms. Adhesions in the nose can cause mucus buildup, making the cat remain sensitive to recurring respiratory infections.

Infections can also lead to chronic eye inflammation, corneal damage, and eyelids sticking together. In severe cases, an eye can be lost due to permanent damage.

Treatment of cat flu

Treatment focuses primarily on support:

• Antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections

• Anti-inflammatories or pain relief for fever

• Nose drops to thin the mucus

• Good hydration via water, food, or an IV drip

• Assisted feeding for cats that aren’t eating enough

Early and consistent care increases the chance of a full recovery and reduces complications.

Prevention of cat flu

• Ensure your cat is vaccinated on time against FHV-1 and FCV

• Avoid contact with sick cats

• Keep your cat’s environment clean and hygienic

By checking your cat regularly and treating them promptly, you reduce the risk of serious illness and chronic symptoms.